World History › Section I · Islam and the caliphates › Topic I.2

The Arab-Islamic conquests and first Islamic states

Within a century of Muhammad's death, his successors ruled from Spain to the Indus. This topic follows the conquests, how the new rulers governed mostly non-Muslim subjects, and the civil wars that produced Islam's first dynasty, the Umayyads.

In this topic

  • Who would lead?
  • Into Syria and Iraq
  • Egypt and North Africa
  • Worked example: why were the conquests so fast?
  • Ruling the conquered
  • Worked example: a receipt from 643
  • Civil war among the caliphs
  • The Umayyad dynasty
  • The limits of expansion
  • Arabs and mawali
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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