Computer Networking › Section A · Computer networks and the internet › Topic A.5
Protocol layers and encapsulation
The internet runs hundreds of protocols on billions of different devices. Layering is the idea that keeps this manageable: each layer does one job for the layer above it, and encapsulation is how the layers cooperate on every single packet.
In this topic
- Why build a network in layers
- Service models and peer protocols
- The top two layers
- The bottom three layers
- The OSI model and layer numbers
- Encapsulation
- Worked example: the cost of headers
- Which devices run which layers
- Worked example: one frame's journey
- The costs of layering
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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