Computer Networking › Section A · Computer networks and the internet › Topic A.4
Delay, loss, and throughput
A network would ideally move any amount of data instantly and never lose a bit. Real networks delay packets, sometimes drop them, and deliver data only as fast as their slowest link allows. Three simple formulas explain most of what you notice as speed.
In this topic
- Four delays at every hop
- Transmission versus propagation
- Worked example: a short fast link and a long one
- Traffic intensity and queueing
- Packet loss
- End-to-end delay, RTT and measuring tools
- Worked example: delay across three hops
- Throughput and the bottleneck link
- Worked example: finding the bottleneck
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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