Electrical Engineering › Section O · Pulses, nonsinusoidal signals, and system analysis › Topic O.1

Pulse waveforms, repetition rate, duty cycle, and average value

Clocks in computers, data on a cable and the drive to a dimmed LED are not sine waves but pulses. A handful of measurements, from rise time to duty cycle, describes any pulse waveform, and one formula gives its average value.

In this topic

  • Why pulses matter
  • The ideal pulse
  • Real edges: rise time, fall time and pulse width
  • Tilt, overshoot and ringing
  • Worked example: reading a real pulse
  • Pulse trains and repetition rate
  • Duty cycle
  • Worked example: prf and duty cycle from a scope
  • Worked example: average of a pulse train
  • Measuring the average with an oscilloscope
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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