Electrical Engineering › Section U · Sequential logic › Topic U.4
Finite state machines and asynchronous and synchronous counters
Traffic lights, vending machines and processor control units all step through a fixed set of states in response to a clock and their inputs. Counters are the simplest such machines, and the way their flip-flops are clocked decides how fast and how cleanly they count.
In this topic
- Finite state machines
- Worked example: a traffic-light controller
- Counters as state machines
- Asynchronous (ripple) counters
- Worked example: watching the ripple
- Asynchronous decade counters
- Synchronous counters
- Worked example: a synchronous decade counter
- Up/down counters
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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