Electrical Engineering › Section O · Pulses, nonsinusoidal signals, and system analysis › Topic O.4
Input and output impedance, gains, and cascaded systems
Many circuits arrive as sealed modules: an amplifier board, an audio chip, a sensor interface. You cannot see inside, but four numbers describe how each one behaves at its terminals, and they predict what happens when modules are connected to a source, a load and each other.
In this topic
- Systems as black boxes
- Input impedance
- Output impedance
- The amplifier model and three voltage gains
- Worked example: a loaded amplifier
- Current gain and power gain
- Worked example: the gain trade-off
- Cascaded systems
- Worked example: two stages in cascade
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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