American Government › Section E · Civil rights › Topic E.2
The African American struggle for equality
The fight for Black civil rights was won and lost in courtrooms, in Congress, in the White House and in the streets. Seeing how each branch of government responded explains how American civil rights law took its present shape.
In this topic
- A struggle fought through every branch
- Rights on paper, rights withheld
- Worked example: a race-neutral rule with a racial purpose
- The courts: slow, case by case
- Grassroots pressure
- Presidents and Congress act
- The Voting Rights Act over time
- De jure and de facto segregation
- Affirmative action in admissions
- Worked example: SFFA under strict scrutiny
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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