World History › Section Q · The Atlantic world and a global economy › Topic Q.3

The mercantilist economy

Why did European states fight over trade routes, ban foreign cloth and insist that colonies trade only with them? The answer lies in mercantilism, a set of ideas that treated trade as a contest for a fixed stock of wealth and shaped empires from the 1500s to the late 1700s.

In this topic

  • Wealth as a contest
  • The tools of policy
  • Colonies in the system
  • Spain's closed fleet system
  • Colbert's France
  • England and the Navigation Acts
  • The Dutch and the trading companies
  • Worked example: reading Thomas Mun
  • Worked example: from trade rules to war
  • The critics
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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