World History › Section U · Life and labor in the industrial world › Topic U.3
Coerced and semicoerced labor
The nineteenth century abolished slavery across the Americas and serfdom in Russia, yet millions of people still worked under force, debt or contract terms they could not escape. This topic follows the end of the old systems and the rise of new ones.
In this topic
- A spectrum of unfreedom
- The end of slavery in the Americas
- Worked example: why Brazil abolished slavery last
- The end of serfdom in Russia
- Indentured labour from India
- Chinese contract labour
- Worked example: the Cuba Commission of 1874
- Pacific Islanders in Queensland
- Debt bondage
- Penal labour
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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