World History › Section R · Enlightenment and revolution › Topic R.3

Revolutions in America, France, and Haiti

Between 1775 and 1804, three revolutions turned Enlightenment ideas of rights and consent into new governments. Comparing them shows how far each carried the promise of equality, and who forced it further than its authors intended.

In this topic

  • An age of Atlantic revolutions
  • France on the eve of revolution
  • 1789: the old order falls
  • Republic, war and Terror
  • From the Directory to Napoleon
  • Saint-Domingue
  • The Haitian Revolution
  • Worked example: who made the rights universal?
  • Worked example: comparing three revolutions
  • How historians interpret them
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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