Psychology › Section O · Psychological disorders › Topic O.1

What are psychological disorders?

Deciding where ordinary distress ends and a psychological disorder begins is one of psychology's hardest questions, and the answer shapes who receives help. This topic is for education only, not for diagnosing yourself or anyone else; if you are worried about your mental health, see a qualified professional.

In this topic

  • Where ordinary distress ends
  • Unusual is not the same as disordered
  • Culture shapes what counts as normal
  • Szasz and the myth of mental illness
  • Harmful dysfunction
  • The DSM-5-TR definition
  • Worked example: why no single rule works
  • Worked example: weighing the criteria
  • Stigma and respectful language
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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