Physics › Section T · Special relativity › Topic T.2

Simultaneity and time dilation

If every observer measures the same speed of light, they cannot all agree about time. Observers in relative motion disagree about which distant events happen together, and each finds the other's clocks running slow.

In this topic

  • Does time depend on the observer?
  • Simultaneity is relative
  • A light clock
  • Deriving time dilation
  • Proper time and the factor γ
  • Worked example: a fast courier ship
  • Worked example: cosmic-ray muons
  • The twin paradox
  • Clocks on planes and satellites
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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