Physics › Section J · Thermodynamics › Topic J.2

Simple thermodynamic processes

Every engine is built from a few simple steps: heating a gas at constant pressure or constant volume, letting it expand at constant temperature, or squeezing it so fast that no heat can escape. A pressure-volume diagram shows each step at a glance, including how much work it does.

In this topic

  • A gas in a cylinder
  • Work done by an expanding gas
  • PV diagrams and area
  • Isobaric: constant pressure
  • Worked example: an isobaric expansion
  • Isochoric: constant volume
  • Isothermal: constant temperature
  • Adiabatic: no heat flow
  • Worked example: work around a cycle
  • Reversible processes
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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