Philosophy › Section G · Epistemology › Topic G.4

Skepticism

Could you be dreaming right now, or living inside a perfect simulation? Sceptical arguments use such possibilities to question whether we know anything about the world, and the replies to them reveal what knowledge really demands.

In this topic

  • What sceptics claim
  • Ancient doubt in Greece and China
  • Descartes: dreams and the demon
  • The brain in a vat
  • Worked example: the sceptical argument
  • Moore's reversal
  • Denying closure and contextualism
  • Putnam's semantic reply
  • Worked example: global or local?
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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