Philosophy › Section B · Critical thinking, reading, and writing › Topic B.2
Overcoming cognitive biases
The shortcuts that make thinking fast also make it lopsided in predictable ways. Knowing the common biases by name, and knowing which defences actually work, is the first practical step towards reasoning like a philosopher.
In this topic
- From shortcut to bias
- Metacognition: thinking about thinking
- Confirmation bias
- Confirmation bias online
- Anchoring and availability
- Tribalism and motivated reasoning
- Sunk costs and the gambler's fallacy
- Worked example: a run of heads
- Worked example: naming the bias
- Do the defences work?
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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