Computer Networking › Section B · The application layer › Topic B.2

The web and HTTP

Opening a single web page can trigger dozens of requests. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) defines those requests and replies, and its three versions in use today, HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2 and HTTP/3, show how a simple protocol has been reshaped for speed.

In this topic

  • Pages, objects and URLs
  • Non-persistent and persistent connections
  • The request message
  • The response message
  • Worked example: timing a page load
  • Cookies: state on a stateless protocol
  • Web caching and conditional requests
  • Worked example: what a cache saves
  • HTTP/2: many streams, one connection
  • HTTP/3: HTTP over QUIC
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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