Microeconomics › Section M · Positive externalities and public goods › Topic M.2

How governments encourage innovation

The spillover leak has three plugs in a government's toolbox: exclusive rights that let inventors charge for their ideas, public money that pays for research directly, and partnerships that stitch universities to firms. Each plug has a price - and the art of innovation policy is knowing which plug fits which leak.

In this topic

  • Three policies, one leak
  • Policy one: intellectual property
  • The patent bargain's fine print
  • Copyright and the extension debate
  • Policy two, part A: paying directly
  • Who funds what: the mix
  • Policy two, part B: the tax credit
  • Policy three: cooperative ventures
  • Worked example: matching the tool to the idea
  • Worked example: the patent-term trade-off
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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