Linux › Section E · How the Linux kernel boots › Topic E.1
Startup messages
Every boot leaves a detailed record of what the kernel found and did, even when a splash screen hides it. Reading that record is the first step in diagnosing hardware problems, missing disks and slow or failed boots.
In this topic
- The boot in outline
- Why you rarely see the messages
- The kernel ring buffer and dmesg
- The journal: journalctl -k
- Reading a kernel message line
- Milestones in a normal boot
- Worked example: a disk in the log
- Worked example: what failed last time?
- After the kernel: user-space messages
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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