English Composition › Section U · Handbook: grammar, style, and documentation › Topic U.9

Mechanics and proofreading

Mechanics are the small conventions of written English: capital letters, italics, titles and numbers. Readers rarely notice them when they are right, but every slip chips away at your credibility, so the last stage of writing is a slow, deliberate proofread.

In this topic

  • Why the small things matter
  • Capital letters
  • Capitalising titles
  • Italics or quotation marks?
  • Numbers in MLA and APA
  • Proofreading strategies
  • A personal editing checklist
  • Formatting and presentation
  • Worked example: proofreading a paragraph
  • Worked example: titles in a sentence
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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