Electrical Engineering › Section Q · Thyristors, operational amplifiers, and power conversion › Topic Q.8
Differentiators, integrators, and positive feedback
Put a capacitor in an op-amp circuit and its output starts to respond to how a signal changes over time: its rate of change, or its running total. Feed the output back to the noninverting input instead, and the op-amp gains a memory that cleans up noisy signals and makes oscillators.
In this topic
- Circuits that respond to time
- The differentiator
- Worked example: differentiating a triangle
- The integrator
- Worked example: an integrator ramp
- Keeping an integrator honest
- Positive feedback: a two-state memory
- The Schmitt trigger
- Worked example: Schmitt thresholds
- The relaxation oscillator
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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