Electrical Engineering › Section R · Digital concepts, number systems, and codes › Topic R.1

Digital and analog quantities, logic levels, and waveforms

Part 3 of the course moves from circuits that handle smoothly varying voltages to circuits that handle only two values. This topic sets up the language of digital electronics: what makes a quantity digital, how a voltage stands for a 1 or a 0, and how to read the pulse waveforms that carry bits.

In this topic

  • Continuous and discrete quantities
  • Why so much electronics is digital
  • Bits, codes and positive logic
  • Logic levels and the forbidden region
  • Worked example: reading input voltages
  • Pulses and digital waveforms
  • Period, frequency and duty cycle
  • Worked example: a periodic pulse train
  • The clock and timing diagrams
  • Worked example: serial or parallel transfer
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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