Computer Science › Section D · Operating systems › Topic D.1

The history of operating systems

Every phone, laptop and server runs an operating system, but the first computers had none. Following how operating systems grew, from a helper that loaded one job after another to software juggling many users and devices, explains why today's systems are built the way they are.

In this topic

  • Why the story matters
  • One job at a time
  • Batch processing and the job queue
  • Worked example: ordering a job queue
  • Interactive and real-time processing
  • Multiprogramming and time-sharing
  • Worked example: filling the idle processor
  • From operators to personal computers
  • Multiprocessors, networks and embedded systems
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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