Chemistry › Section H · Advanced theories of covalent bonding › Topic H.3
Multiple bonds: sigma and pi
Double and triple bonds give molecules such as ethene, ethyne and carbon dioxide their flat or straight shapes and their rigid bonds. Combining hybrid orbitals with leftover p orbitals shows exactly how each σ and π bond is built.
In this topic
- Hybrids for σ, p orbitals for π
- Ethene: a double bond
- Why double bonds do not rotate
- Ethyne: a triple bond
- Multiple bonds to other atoms
- Carbon dioxide
- Worked example: acrylonitrile
- Resonance and delocalised π bonds
- Worked example: ozone
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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