Chemistry › Section P · Thermodynamics › Topic P.2
Entropy
Spontaneous changes tend to spread matter and energy out. Entropy turns that loose idea into a quantity you can calculate, either from heat and temperature or by counting the ways a system's particles can be arranged.
In this topic
- From spreading out to a number
- Entropy from heat: the Clausius definition
- Worked example: melting and boiling water
- Entropy from counting: microstates
- Worked example: molecules in two halves
- Worked example: doubling a gas's volume
- Predicting the sign of ΔS: phase and temperature
- Predicting the sign of ΔS: particles and mixing
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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