Biology › Section H · Gene expression and its regulation › Topic H.4
Ribosomes and protein synthesis
Translation is the cell's costliest chemistry - dozens of ribosomes per mRNA, a fleet of charged adaptor tRNAs, and an RNA-based enzyme stitching amino acids together fifty to over a thousand at a time. Here is the assembly line from start codon to folded protein.
In this topic
- The costliest process
- Ribosomes: two subunits, three addresses
- Polysomes: an assembly line per message
- tRNAs: the adaptors
- Charging the tRNAs
- Initiation: finding the start
- The A, P, E assembly line
- Termination, then folding
- Worked example: translate the gene
- Worked example: antibiotics as probes
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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