Biology › Section C · Cell structure and membranes › Topic C.1

Studying cells and prokaryotic cells

Every living thing is built from cells - but almost no cell can be seen without help. From Hooke's cork slices to electron beams, and from a cell small enough to fit 250-across on a pinhead to the surface-area math that keeps them small, here is how cells are studied and how the simplest ones are built.

In this topic

  • Cells and the hierarchy of life
  • Cell theory: three sentences, two centuries
  • Light microscopes: cheap, gentle, blurry
  • Electron microscopes: sharp but lethal
  • Cell size and the surface-to-volume limit
  • Prokaryotes: life without a nucleus
  • Four parts every cell has
  • The prokaryotic toolkit
  • Worked example: the cube that got too big
  • Worked example: choosing a microscope
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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