Biology › Section J · Evolution › Topic J.5
Population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg
Evolution, at its most measurable, is a change in the allele counts inside a gene pool. Population genetics tracks those counts, and the Hardy-Weinberg equation supplies the reference point: what a population should look like if no evolutionary force touched it. Any gap between prediction and reality becomes evidence that evolution is happening.
In this topic
- Genes live in populations, not just individuals
- Evolution, redefined as a change in the numbers
- Natural selection edits the gene pool
- Not every shift has a reason
- A baseline that never happens
- The algebra of the gene pool
- Counting the ones you can see
- Worked example: predicting a flower population
- Worked example: working backward from a rare disorder
- When the numbers refuse to sit still
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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