Biology › Section D · Energy: metabolism, respiration, photosynthesis › Topic D.9

Overview of photosynthesis

Every calorie in your dinner — and every joule in a lump of coal — began as sunlight packed into a sugar by a leaf, an alga, or a cyanobacterium. Photosynthesis is the gateway through which energy enters the living world, and this overview covers who can do it, where it happens, and its two-stage architecture.

In this topic

  • Who cooks, who waits at the table
  • Why nothing else substitutes
  • The equation and its atom budget
  • Worked example: auditing the equation's atoms
  • The leaf's plumbing
  • Inside the chloroplast
  • Two stages, one factory
  • Worked example: why a dry day starves the Calvin cycle
  • Respiration's mirror twin
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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