Biology › Section F · Meiosis and Mendelian heredity › Topic F.3
Mendel's experiments and probability
Before anyone knew what a gene was, a monk with 30,000 pea plants cracked heredity open. Gregor Mendel chose the right organism, asked the right questions, and - crucially - did the math. His crosses revealed dominant and recessive traits, and the laws of probability let him predict offspring before a single seed was planted.
In this topic
- The monk who counted
- Why the garden pea
- P, F1, F2: the generations
- What the crosses showed
- Reading the hidden pattern
- Probability: the arithmetic of chance
- The product rule: AND means multiply
- The sum rule: OR means add
- Worked example: predict the F1
- Worked example: a dihybrid probability
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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