Biology › Section P · Breathing, circulation, and excretion › Topic P.8
Excretory systems, wastes, and hormonal control
From a pond protist to a desert lizard, every animal has to dump the waste its metabolism makes without losing control of its water. The organs differ, the nitrogen waste differs, and in mammals a handful of hormones tune the kidneys minute by minute.
In this topic
- Getting rid of what you make
- Single cells and flatworms
- Earthworms and insects
- Why nitrogen is a problem
- Ammonia, urea and uric acid
- Worked example: reading a nitrogen budget
- ADH: the water switch
- Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone
- Hormones that push the other way
- Worked example: three challenges
- Common mistakes to avoid
- Key takeaways
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