Biology › Section C · Cell structure and membranes › Topic C.4

The cytoskeleton

Strip every organelle out of a cell and what remains is still not empty: a scaffold of protein fibers gives the cell its shape, holds its parts in place, runs its shipping lanes, and even lets it crawl. Three fibers - actin ropes, keratin cables, and tubulin pipes - do all the heavy lifting.

In this topic

  • The frame inside the fluid
  • Microfilaments: actin in motion
  • Intermediate filaments: the permanent scaffold
  • Microtubules: hollow rails
  • Centrosomes, centrioles, and the organizing center
  • Flagella and cilia: microtubules that wave
  • Worked example: one muscle cell, all three fibers
  • Worked example: a white blood cell chases two bacteria
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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