Biology › Section R · The biosphere, populations, and communities › Topic R.8

Community ecology

No population lives alone. Species compete, hunt, hide, cooperate and exploit one another, and those interactions decide which species share a place, how many of each there are, and how the whole community rebuilds after a disaster.

In this topic

  • A web of interactions
  • Niches, competition, and exclusion
  • Predators, prey, and cycles
  • Worked example: reading a predator-prey record
  • Defences against predators and herbivores
  • Mimicry
  • Symbiosis: living closely together
  • Foundation, keystone, and invasive species
  • Worked example: richness versus diversity
  • Succession: communities rebuilding
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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