Astronomy › Section V · The Big Bang › Topic V.2

A model of the universe

To describe the whole universe, astronomers need only a few ingredients: the expansion, the assumption that the universe is the same everywhere, and its average density. Comparing that density with a critical value tells us how the universe has behaved and how it may end.

In this topic

  • The ingredients of a model
  • The scale factor and redshift
  • Worked example: reading a redshift as a size
  • Density decides
  • Worked example: the critical density
  • Four model universes
  • Weighing the universe
  • Distances depend on the model
  • The far future
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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