Astronomy › Section E · Radiation and spectra › Topic E.4

The structure of the atom

Why does each element leave its own pattern of lines in a spectrum? The answer lies inside the atom: a tiny nucleus surrounded by electrons that may only have certain energies.

In this topic

  • Why astronomers need the atom
  • The electron and the nucleus
  • Worked example: how empty is an atom?
  • Inside the nucleus
  • Elements and isotopes
  • Rutherford's puzzle
  • Bohr's energy levels
  • Photons and transitions
  • Worked example: a photon from a jump
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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