Anthropology › Section R · Humans and animals › Topic R.3

Symbolism and meaning of animals

Eagles on flags, lions on football shirts, a raven in a creation story, a cow that may not be killed: animals carry meaning far beyond their bodies. This topic looks at how people use animals to mark group identity, teach lessons and reach the sacred.

In this topic

  • Animals as signs
  • Totemism
  • Explaining totemism
  • Crests and poles
  • Worked example: is a mascot a totem?
  • Animals in stories
  • Animals and the sacred
  • Sacred cattle and dirty pigs
  • Worked example: weighing Harris's argument
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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