Anatomy & Physiology › Section Y · Reproduction and development › Topic Y.6

Pregnancy, labour, and birth

Pregnancy reshapes almost every system of the pregnant person's body, mostly under the control of placental hormones. At the end, a shift in those hormones and a positive feedback loop drive the contractions of labour and birth.

In this topic

  • How long a pregnancy lasts
  • Worked example: estimating a due date
  • The hormones that sustain pregnancy
  • Metabolism and weight
  • The heart and blood
  • Worked example: why hematocrit falls
  • Breathing, digestion, kidneys and skin
  • What starts labour
  • Labour as positive feedback
  • The three stages of labour
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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