American Government › Section B · The Constitution › Topic B.5

Changing the Constitution

The framers had seen a government fail because it could not be changed, so they built in a way to amend the Constitution while making it deliberately hard. Formal amendments, court rulings and political practice have all reshaped the document since 1789.

In this topic

  • Built to change, but not easily
  • Article V: two steps, two routes each
  • Worked example: the arithmetic of Article V
  • The Bill of Rights
  • The Reconstruction amendments
  • Widening democracy and adjusting the machinery
  • Slow and unfinished amendments
  • Informal change
  • Debates over interpretation
  • Worked example: direct election of senators
  • Common mistakes to avoid
  • Key takeaways

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