Dividing power
Federalism splits power between a national government and state governments, each with its own authority.
What federalism is
In a federal system, power is divided between national and regional governments, each able to act directly on citizens. This contrasts with a unitary system, where the central government holds most power, and a confederation, where states hold most power and the centre is weak, as under the Articles of Confederation.
Kinds of powers
Enumerated (expressed) powers are listed for Congress, such as coining money and declaring war. Implied powers come from the necessary and proper clause. Reserved powers belong to the states under the Tenth Amendment, such as running elections and schools. Concurrent powers are shared, such as taxing and borrowing.
The supremacy clause
Article VI makes the Constitution and federal laws 'the supreme law of the land'. When a valid federal law conflicts with a state law, the federal law wins. This principle was central in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), when the Supreme Court held that a state could not tax the national bank.
Flashcard
Division of power between national and state governments
Check your understanding
Both the federal government and your state collect income taxes. Taxing is therefore a: